[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":748},["ShallowReactive",2],{"page-\u002Fguides\u002Fwho-is-responsible-for-the-digital-product-passport":3,"related-\u002Fguides\u002Fwho-is-responsible-for-the-digital-product-passport":726},{"id":4,"title":5,"author":6,"body":7,"category":711,"description":712,"extension":713,"heading":714,"heroImage":711,"heroImageAlt":715,"howTo":711,"layout":716,"meta":717,"navigation":718,"ogImage":719,"path":720,"publishedAt":721,"sections":711,"seo":722,"sourcePath":723,"stem":724,"updatedAt":721,"videoPosition":711,"videos":711,"__hash__":725},"pages\u002Fguides\u002Fwho-is-responsible-for-the-digital-product-passport.md","Who is responsible for the Digital Product Passport?","Mia",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":683},"minimark",[10,17,46,57,60,65,68,206,209,217,221,228,260,263,267,270,277,281,284,291,294,309,312,319,323,330,333,347,354,358,361,368,372,375,378,382,385,392,402,408,412,419,426,430,437,440,444,451,454,458,533,536,540,543,576,583,587,590,622,630,634,638,641,645,648,652,655,659,662,666,669,673,676,680],[11,12,13],"p",{},[14,15,16],"strong",{},"TL;DR",[18,19,20,32,39],"ul",{},[21,22,23,24,27,28,31],"li",{},"Who is responsible for the Digital Product Passport? Under the ESPR, Regulation (EU) 2024\u002F1781, the business that ",[14,25,26],{},"places the product on the EU market",": the manufacturer if it is established in the EU, the ",[14,29,30],{},"importer"," if the manufacturer is not.",[21,33,34,35,38],{},"If you sell a product under ",[14,36,37],{},"your own name or trademark",", you are the manufacturer in law, whoever actually made it. Article 34 extends the same rule to importers and distributors.",[21,40,41,42,45],{},"The duty ",[14,43,44],{},"cannot be handed to an authorised representative",", and hosting the passport with a service provider does not move the responsibility.",[11,47,48,49,56],{},"Most writing on the Digital Product Passport explains what it is. The question buyers actually bring to a first meeting is narrower: who is responsible for the Digital Product Passport, us or our supplier? The ",[50,51,55],"a",{"href":52,"rel":53},"https:\u002F\u002Feur-lex.europa.eu\u002Feli\u002Freg\u002F2024\u002F1781\u002Foj\u002Feng",[54],"nofollow","ESPR"," answers that in Chapter VII, and the answer is more specific than most summaries suggest.",[11,58,59],{},"This guide walks through each role in the chain, the cases that catch companies out, and a short test for working out where you sit. Everything below is stated as of October 2026.",[61,62,64],"h2",{"id":63},"the-short-answer","The short answer",[11,66,67],{},"The ESPR does not use the phrase \"DPP owner\". It gives one set of duties to whoever places a product on the market, and lighter verification duties to everyone after them.",[69,70,71,90],"table",{},[72,73,74],"thead",{},[75,76,77,81,84,87],"tr",{},[78,79,80],"th",{},"Role",[78,82,83],{},"Who that is under the ESPR",[78,85,86],{},"Passport duty",[78,88,89],{},"Article",[91,92,93,110,126,142,158,174,190],"tbody",{},[75,94,95,101,104,107],{},[96,97,98],"td",{},[14,99,100],{},"Manufacturer",[96,102,103],{},"Makes the product, or has it designed or made, and markets it under its own name or trademark",[96,105,106],{},"Ensure a passport is available, with a back-up copy at a service provider",[96,108,109],{},"27(1)(c)",[75,111,112,117,120,123],{},[96,113,114],{},[14,115,116],{},"Importer",[96,118,119],{},"EU-established business placing a product from a third country on the EU market",[96,121,122],{},"Ensure the same, before placing the product on the market",[96,124,125],{},"29(2)(c)",[75,127,128,133,136,139],{},[96,129,130],{},[14,131,132],{},"Authorised representative",[96,134,135],{},"Acts on a written mandate from the manufacturer",[96,137,138],{},"None: Article 27(1) obligations cannot be part of the mandate",[96,140,141],{},"28(1)",[75,143,144,149,152,155],{},[96,145,146],{},[14,147,148],{},"Distributor",[96,150,151],{},"Makes the product available after the manufacturer or importer",[96,153,154],{},"Verify the product is linked to a passport where required",[96,156,157],{},"30(2)(a)",[75,159,160,165,168,171],{},[96,161,162],{},[14,163,164],{},"Dealer",[96,166,167],{},"Offers or displays the product to end users, including online",[96,169,170],{},"Make the passport easily accessible to customers",[96,172,173],{},"31(2)",[75,175,176,181,184,187],{},[96,177,178],{},[14,179,180],{},"Fulfilment service provider",[96,182,183],{},"Warehouses, packs and dispatches",[96,185,186],{},"Keep handling from compromising compliance",[96,188,189],{},"33",[75,191,192,197,200,203],{},[96,193,194],{},[14,195,196],{},"Online marketplace",[96,198,199],{},"Platform on which third parties sell",[96,201,202],{},"Cooperate with market surveillance; remove non-compliant listings on order",[96,204,205],{},"35",[11,207,208],{},"The rest of this guide is about the first two rows, because that is where the responsibility actually sits.",[11,210,211],{},[212,213],"img",{"alt":214,"src":215,"title":216},"The Digital Product Passport duties along the supply chain: the manufacturer or importer makes the passport exist, the distributor verifies it, the dealer shows it, and the customer accesses it free, with the authorised representative excluded and the service provider only hosting","\u002Fimages\u002F2026\u002F10\u002Fdpp-responsibility-along-the-supply-chain.webp","One business makes the passport exist; everyone after it checks it or shows it",[61,218,220],{"id":219},"what-responsible-means-in-practice","What \"responsible\" means in practice",[11,222,223,224,227],{},"Article 9(1) sets the rule: a product covered by a delegated act can only be placed on the market if a passport is available, and its data must be ",[14,225,226],{},"accurate, complete and up to date",". Around that, the Regulation assigns concrete tasks to the economic operator placing the product on the market:",[18,229,230,236,242,248,254],{},[21,231,232,235],{},[14,233,234],{},"Make the passport available",", connected through a data carrier to a persistent unique product identifier (Article 10(1)).",[21,237,238,241],{},[14,239,240],{},"Keep a back-up copy"," with a digital product passport service provider (Article 10(4)).",[21,243,244,247],{},[14,245,246],{},"Upload the unique identifiers to the EU registry",", plus the commodity code for imported products (Article 13(4)).",[21,249,250,253],{},[14,251,252],{},"Give dealers and online marketplaces a digital copy"," of the data carrier or identifier, free of charge and within five working days of a request (Article 10(3)).",[21,255,256,259],{},[14,257,258],{},"Keep the passport available for the period the delegated act sets",", which must be at least the product's expected lifetime and must survive insolvency, liquidation or the operator ceasing activity in the EU (Articles 9(2)(i) and 11(e)).",[11,261,262],{},"That last point turns the passport into a continuity obligation as much as a data one. A passport hosted on a company's own server disappears when the company does, which is precisely the scenario the text rules out.",[61,264,266],{"id":265},"manufacturer-responsible-by-default","Manufacturer: responsible by default",[11,268,269],{},"Article 27(1)(c) is the anchor. When placing a covered product on the market, the manufacturer shall ensure that a digital product passport is available in accordance with Article 9 and the delegated act, including the back-up copy.",[11,271,272,273,276],{},"The manufacturer must also put its name, trade name or trade mark, postal address and electronic contact ",[14,274,275],{},"on the public part of the passport"," (Article 27(6)), and include the digital instructions in it (Article 27(7)). Where the ESPR asks for technical documentation to be made available digitally, Article 36(3) says it goes through the passport.",[61,278,280],{"id":279},"own-brand-sellers-are-manufacturers","Own-brand sellers are manufacturers",[11,282,283],{},"This is the case that surprises the most companies.",[11,285,286,287,290],{},"The ESPR defines a manufacturer in Article 2(42) as anyone that manufactures a product ",[14,288,289],{},"or has it designed or manufactured, and markets it under their name or trademark",". A retailer selling a private-label range, a brand that outsources all production, or a D2C company that commissions products from a contract factory is the manufacturer in law, not the factory that made the goods.",[11,292,293],{},"Article 34 closes the remaining gap. An importer or distributor is treated as the manufacturer when it:",[18,295,296,303],{},[21,297,298,299,302],{},"places a covered product on the market ",[14,300,301],{},"under its own name or trademark",", or",[21,304,305,308],{},[14,306,307],{},"modifies"," a product already on the market in a way that affects its compliance.",[11,310,311],{},"In both cases it takes on every Article 27 obligation, the passport included. For a retailer, the practical consequence is that the passport for its own-label goods is its passport, even if all the data comes from the supplier.",[11,313,314],{},[212,315],{"alt":316,"src":317,"title":318},"A product manager reviewing the box of a private-label electric kettle with a QR code on the side, next to a laptop showing the product's passport dashboard","\u002Fimages\u002F2026\u002F10\u002Fdpp-own-brand-seller-reviews-passport.webp","Sell it under your own name and the passport is yours, whoever made the product",[61,320,322],{"id":321},"importer-responsible-when-the-manufacturer-is-outside-the-eu","Importer: responsible when the manufacturer is outside the EU",[11,324,325,326,329],{},"Where the manufacturer is established outside the Union, the EU business that places the product on the market is the importer, defined in Article 2(44). Article 29(2)(c) requires the importer, ",[14,327,328],{},"before"," placing the product on the market, to ensure that a passport is available with its back-up copy, in the same terms as for the manufacturer.",[11,331,332],{},"The importer also has to:",[18,334,335,338,344],{},[21,336,337],{},"check that the conformity assessment was carried out and the technical documentation drawn up (Article 29(2)(a));",[21,339,340,341,343],{},"put its own name and contact details ",[14,342,275],{}," (Article 29(3));",[21,345,346],{},"refuse to place the product on the market if it has reason to believe it does not comply (Article 29(2)).",[11,348,349,350,353],{},"In practice, a non-EU manufacturer usually builds the passport, because it holds the data. But the legal duty to make sure it exists, before the goods are released for sale, lands on the importer. Annex III anticipates this by listing the importer's details and ",[14,351,352],{},"EORI number"," among the data a passport can be required to carry.",[61,355,357],{"id":356},"why-an-authorised-representative-cannot-take-it-on","Why an authorised representative cannot take it on",[11,359,360],{},"A non-EU manufacturer can appoint an authorised representative in the EU under Article 28. That representative can hold the declaration of conformity and technical documentation for ten years and deal with authorities on the manufacturer's behalf.",[11,362,363,364,367],{},"What it cannot do is take over the passport. Article 28(1) states that ",[14,365,366],{},"the obligations in Article 27(1) shall not form part of the authorised representative's mandate",", and Article 27(1)(c) is the passport duty. A mandate that says otherwise does not move the legal responsibility.",[61,369,371],{"id":370},"selling-directly-into-the-eu-from-outside","Selling directly into the EU from outside",[11,373,374],{},"A manufacturer outside the EU that sells straight to EU customers, with no EU importer in between, is the scenario the Market Surveillance Regulation was written for. Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2019\u002F1020 requires an economic operator established in the Union to be responsible for certain tasks for products under the EU laws it lists: the manufacturer, the importer, an authorised representative or, failing those, a fulfilment service provider.",[11,376,377],{},"The ESPR builds on it in two places. Article 36(1)(b) requires the online offer to show that operator's name and contact details, and Annex III point (k) lists the same operator's name, contact details and unique operator identifier among the passport data. Which one the passport must carry depends on the delegated act for the product group.",[61,379,381],{"id":380},"distributors-dealers-and-marketplaces","Distributors, dealers and marketplaces",[11,383,384],{},"Further down the chain, the duty shifts from making the passport exist to checking it and showing it.",[11,386,387,388,391],{},"A ",[14,389,390],{},"distributor"," must verify, before making the product available, that it bears the CE marking and is linked to a passport where the delegated act requires one (Article 30(2)(a)). If it believes the product does not comply, it must hold it back.",[11,393,387,394,397,398,401],{},[14,395,396],{},"dealer",", including an online shop, must make the passport ",[14,399,400],{},"easily accessible"," to customers and potential customers, including in distance selling (Article 31(2)). That is why Article 10(3) obliges the operator placing the product on the market to hand dealers and marketplaces a digital copy of the data carrier: an online customer cannot scan the box.",[11,403,404,407],{},[14,405,406],{},"Online marketplaces"," must cooperate with market surveillance authorities and act against listings of non-compliant products when ordered to (Article 35).",[61,409,411],{"id":410},"suppliers-feed-the-passport-but-do-not-own-it","Suppliers feed the passport, but do not own it",[11,413,414,415,418],{},"A passport usually needs data that only the supply chain has: material composition, substances of concern, recycled content, facility identifiers. Article 38 lets the delegated act require ",[14,416,417],{},"supply chain actors"," to provide relevant information to manufacturers free of charge on request, or to let the manufacturer assess the product and access documents and facilities.",[11,420,421,422,425],{},"That is a duty to supply data, not a duty to have the passport. Article 9(2)(g) leaves the delegated act to specify ",[14,423,424],{},"which actors create the passport or update its data",", and what each may introduce or update. A delegated act can therefore give a supplier, a repairer or a recycler write access to part of the passport. It does not change who answers for it at the point the product is placed on the market.",[61,427,429],{"id":428},"service-providers-host-it-you-answer-for-it","Service providers host it, you answer for it",[11,431,432,433,436],{},"Article 11(c) allows the passport to be stored by the economic operator responsible for creating it, or by a digital product passport service provider. Article 2(32) defines that provider as an independent third party ",[14,434,435],{},"authorised by the economic operator"," placing the product on the market.",[11,438,439],{},"Outsourcing the hosting does not outsource the obligation. The service provider is also barred from selling, reusing or processing the passport data beyond what is needed for the service, unless specifically agreed with the economic operator (Article 11, second subparagraph).",[61,441,443],{"id":442},"after-the-sale-repair-resale-and-remanufacturing","After the sale: repair, resale and remanufacturing",[11,445,446,447,450],{},"The ESPR anticipates that products change hands and change state. Where a new passport is created for a product that already has one, Article 11(d) requires the new passport to be ",[14,448,449],{},"linked to the original",". A business that modifies a product in a way that affects compliance becomes its manufacturer under Article 34(b), and with that comes the passport duty for the modified product.",[11,452,453],{},"The Battery Regulation, which has the first passport with a hard date, spells this out more fully: a battery that is remanufactured or repurposed gets a new passport linked to the original, and responsibility moves to the operator that places it back on the market.",[61,455,457],{"id":456},"how-this-compares-with-batteries-and-toys","How this compares with batteries and toys",[69,459,460,475],{},[72,461,462],{},[75,463,464,466,469,472],{},[78,465],{},[78,467,468],{},"Batteries",[78,470,471],{},"Toys",[78,473,474],{},"ESPR product groups",[91,476,477,491,505,519],{},[75,478,479,482,485,488],{},[96,480,481],{},"Legal basis",[96,483,484],{},"Regulation (EU) 2023\u002F1542, Article 77",[96,486,487],{},"Regulation (EU) 2025\u002F2509, Article 19",[96,489,490],{},"Regulation (EU) 2024\u002F1781 plus a delegated act per group",[75,492,493,496,499,502],{},[96,494,495],{},"Applies from",[96,497,498],{},"18 February 2027",[96,500,501],{},"1 August 2030",[96,503,504],{},"When each delegated act says",[75,506,507,510,513,516],{},[96,508,509],{},"Who answers for it",[96,511,512],{},"The economic operator placing the battery on the market, which may authorise another operator in writing",[96,514,515],{},"The manufacturer",[96,517,518],{},"The manufacturer, or the importer for non-EU manufacturers",[75,520,521,524,527,530],{},[96,522,523],{},"Level",[96,525,526],{},"Battery model plus individual battery data",[96,528,529],{},"Toy model",[96,531,532],{},"Model, batch or item, set per group",[11,534,535],{},"As of October 2026, no ESPR delegated act setting a passport requirement for a product group has been adopted. The only delegated act published so far under the ESPR, Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026\u002F296, deals with the destruction of unsold consumer products. The roles above are fixed in the framework now; the dates arrive group by group.",[61,537,539],{"id":538},"work-out-where-you-sit","Work out where you sit",[11,541,542],{},"Five questions settle it for almost every business.",[544,545,546,552,558,564,570],"ol",{},[21,547,548,551],{},[14,549,550],{},"Is the product sold under your name or trademark?"," Then you are the manufacturer, under Article 2(42) or Article 34(a), and the passport is yours.",[21,553,554,557],{},[14,555,556],{},"Do you make it yourself, in the EU?"," You are the manufacturer.",[21,559,560,563],{},[14,561,562],{},"Do you bring it into the EU from a manufacturer outside it, under that manufacturer's brand?"," You are the importer, and you must make sure the passport exists before you place the product on the market.",[21,565,566,569],{},[14,567,568],{},"Do you buy it from an EU manufacturer or importer and resell it?"," You are a distributor or dealer: verify it, and make the passport accessible to your customers.",[21,571,572,575],{},[14,573,574],{},"Do you change the product in a way that affects compliance?"," You are the manufacturer of the modified product.",[11,577,578],{},[212,579],{"alt":580,"src":581,"title":582},"Five questions that settle your ESPR role: own brand, own manufacture in the EU, import from a non-EU manufacturer, resale in the EU, or modification affecting compliance","\u002Fimages\u002F2026\u002F10\u002Fdpp-responsibility-five-questions.webp","Five questions settle your role under the ESPR",[61,584,586],{"id":585},"what-to-settle-now","What to settle now",[11,588,589],{},"The delegated acts are not out yet, but the allocation of responsibility is, so the contractual work can start today.",[544,591,592,598,604,610,616],{},[21,593,594,597],{},[14,595,596],{},"Map your role for each product line",", because one company can be a manufacturer for its own-label range and a distributor for everything else.",[21,599,600,603],{},[14,601,602],{},"Write passport data into supply contracts."," If you are the manufacturer or importer, your suppliers' data is your compliance. Ask for it on terms that survive the end of the relationship.",[21,605,606,609],{},[14,607,608],{},"Get your identifiers in order."," Annex III expects a unique product identifier, operator identifiers and, where relevant, a GTIN under ISO\u002FIEC 15459-6. Article 12(2) even requires the operator creating the passport to request an operator identifier on behalf of an actor that does not have one.",[21,611,612,615],{},[14,613,614],{},"Decide where the passport will live",", with the back-up copy at a service provider and a plan for the passport outliving your company.",[21,617,618,621],{},[14,619,620],{},"If you are a dealer, plan the online display."," You will need the digital copy of the data carrier for every product page.",[11,623,624,625,629],{},"Digital Link is a GS1 solution partner, and our platform builds standards-based product passports across industries: a persistent identifier per product, a GS1 Digital Link QR code as the data carrier, and a page behind it that can be updated without reprinting anything. For most companies, though, the first question is the one this guide covers. If you want to confirm which role you carry for each of your product lines, ",[50,626,628],{"href":627},"mailto:support@digital-link.com","get in touch"," and our legal team will review your case.",[61,631,633],{"id":632},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently asked questions",[635,636,5],"h3",{"id":637},"who-is-responsible-for-the-digital-product-passport",[11,639,640],{},"The economic operator that places the product on the EU market. That is the manufacturer under Article 27(1)(c) of the ESPR, or the importer under Article 29(2)(c) where the manufacturer is established outside the EU.",[635,642,644],{"id":643},"is-a-private-label-retailer-responsible-for-the-passport","Is a private-label retailer responsible for the passport?",[11,646,647],{},"Yes. Article 2(42) of the ESPR defines a manufacturer as anyone that has a product designed or manufactured and markets it under their own name or trademark, and Article 34(a) applies the same rule to importers and distributors. The retailer carries the manufacturer's obligations, including the passport.",[635,649,651],{"id":650},"can-an-authorised-representative-handle-the-dpp-for-a-non-eu-manufacturer","Can an authorised representative handle the DPP for a non-EU manufacturer?",[11,653,654],{},"No. Article 28(1) excludes the obligations in Article 27(1), which include the passport, from the authorised representative's mandate. Where the manufacturer is outside the EU, the importer is the one that must ensure the passport is available.",[635,656,658],{"id":657},"if-a-service-provider-hosts-our-passport-are-they-responsible-for-it","If a service provider hosts our passport, are they responsible for it?",[11,660,661],{},"No. A digital product passport service provider stores or processes the passport on behalf of the economic operator that authorised it. The legal responsibility stays with the manufacturer or importer.",[635,663,665],{"id":664},"what-do-distributors-and-retailers-have-to-do","What do distributors and retailers have to do?",[11,667,668],{},"Distributors must verify that a product is linked to a passport where required before making it available (Article 30). Dealers, including online shops, must make the passport easily accessible to customers (Article 31), using the digital copy of the data carrier the manufacturer or importer must provide within five working days of a request.",[635,670,672],{"id":671},"does-a-remanufactured-product-need-a-new-passport","Does a remanufactured product need a new passport?",[11,674,675],{},"Where a new passport is created for a product that already has one, Article 11(d) requires it to be linked to the original. A business that modifies a product in a way that affects compliance is treated as its manufacturer under Article 34(b).",[635,677,679],{"id":678},"when-does-this-apply-to-my-products","When does this apply to my products?",[11,681,682],{},"When the delegated act for your product group says so. As of October 2026, no ESPR delegated act setting a passport requirement for a product group has been adopted. Batteries have their own passport obligation from 18 February 2027 under the Battery Regulation.",{"title":684,"searchDepth":685,"depth":685,"links":686},"",3,[687,689,690,691,692,693,694,695,696,697,698,699,700,701,702],{"id":63,"depth":688,"text":64},2,{"id":219,"depth":688,"text":220},{"id":265,"depth":688,"text":266},{"id":279,"depth":688,"text":280},{"id":321,"depth":688,"text":322},{"id":356,"depth":688,"text":357},{"id":370,"depth":688,"text":371},{"id":380,"depth":688,"text":381},{"id":410,"depth":688,"text":411},{"id":428,"depth":688,"text":429},{"id":442,"depth":688,"text":443},{"id":456,"depth":688,"text":457},{"id":538,"depth":688,"text":539},{"id":585,"depth":688,"text":586},{"id":632,"depth":688,"text":633,"children":703},[704,705,706,707,708,709,710],{"id":637,"depth":685,"text":5},{"id":643,"depth":685,"text":644},{"id":650,"depth":685,"text":651},{"id":657,"depth":685,"text":658},{"id":664,"depth":685,"text":665},{"id":671,"depth":685,"text":672},{"id":678,"depth":685,"text":679},null,"Who is responsible for the Digital Product Passport? Under the ESPR, whoever places the product on the EU market: manufacturer, importer or own-brand seller.","md","Who is responsible for the Digital Product Passport: manufacturer, importer or own-brand seller","An importer's compliance officer scanning the QR code on a product unpacked from a shipping carton, with a container port visible through the office window","article",{},true,"\u002Fimages\u002F2026\u002F10\u002Fwho-is-responsible-for-the-digital-product-passport-hero.webp","\u002Fguides\u002Fwho-is-responsible-for-the-digital-product-passport","2026-10-15T10:00:00+02:00",{"title":5,"description":712},"\u002Fguides\u002Fwho-is-responsible-for-the-digital-product-passport\u002F","guides\u002Fwho-is-responsible-for-the-digital-product-passport","52Vb42d3qLpTQIpozFj0X6rM6NcprTOH4UUxOz_Mjc8",[727,734,741],{"path":728,"sourcePath":729,"title":730,"heading":731,"ogImage":732,"publishedAt":733},"\u002Fguides\u002Feu-green-claims-packaging","\u002Fguides\u002Feu-green-claims-packaging\u002F","Directive (EU) 2024\u002F825: green claims on the pack","Directive (EU) 2024\u002F825: green claims on packaging, and where a QR code fits","\u002Fimages\u002F2026\u002F10\u002Feu-green-claims-packaging-hero.webp","2026-10-14T10:00:00+02:00",{"path":735,"sourcePath":736,"title":737,"heading":738,"ogImage":739,"publishedAt":740},"\u002Fguides\u002Fgs1-digital-link-not-resolving","\u002Fguides\u002Fgs1-digital-link-not-resolving\u002F","GS1 Digital Link not resolving? Causes and fixes","Why isn't my GS1 Digital Link resolving? Causes and fixes","\u002Fimages\u002F2024\u002F02\u002F8-Digital-link-resolverDL.webp","2026-10-07T14:00:00+02:00",{"path":742,"sourcePath":743,"title":744,"heading":745,"ogImage":746,"publishedAt":747},"\u002Fguides\u002Feu-regulation-2024-1781-espr","\u002Fguides\u002Feu-regulation-2024-1781-espr\u002F","Regulation (EU) 2024\u002F1781 (ESPR): the DPP legal framework","Regulation (EU) 2024\u002F1781: the legal framework behind the Digital Product Passport","\u002Fimages\u002F2026\u002F09\u002Feu-regulation-2024-1781-espr-hero.webp","2026-09-14T10:00:00+02:00",1792069872405]